21 results
A call to action: Taking the untenable out of women professors’ pregnancy, postpartum, and caregiving demands
- Allison S. Gabriel, Tammy D. Allen, Cynthia E. Devers, Lillian T. Eby, Lucy L. Gilson, Mikki Hebl, Rebecca R. Kehoe, Eden B. King, Jamie J. Ladge, Laura M. Little, Amy Yi Ou, Deidra J. Schleicher, Kristen M. Shockley, Anthony C. Klotz, Christopher C. Rosen
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- Journal:
- Industrial and Organizational Psychology / Volume 16 / Issue 2 / June 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 May 2023, pp. 187-210
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Despite becoming increasingly represented in academic departments, women scholars face a critical lack of support as they navigate demands pertaining to pregnancy, motherhood, and child caregiving. In addition, cultural norms surrounding how faculty and academic leaders discuss and talk about tenure, promotion, and career success have created pressure for women who wish to grow their family and care for their children, leading to questions about whether it is possible for these women to have a family and an academic career. This paper is a call to action for academia to build structures that support professors who are women as they navigate the complexities of pregnancy, the postpartum period, and the caregiving demands of their children. We specifically call on those of us in I-O psychology, management, and related departments to lead the way. In making this call, we first present the realistic, moral, and financial cases for why this issue needs to be at the forefront of discussions surrounding success in the academy. We then discuss how, in the U.S. and elsewhere, an absence of policies supporting women places two groups of academics—department heads (as the leaders of departments who have discretion outside of formal policies to make work better for women) and other faculty members (as potential allies both in the department and within our professional organizations)—in a critical position to enact support and change. We conclude with our boldest call—to make a cultural shift that shatters the assumption that having a family is not compatible with academic success. Combined, we seek to launch a discussion that leads directly to necessary and overdue changes in how women scholars are supported in academia.
Influence of critically appraising exemption requests from healthcare personnel along a spectrum of influenza vaccine hesitancy
- Joshua C. Eby, Morgan M. Richey, Costi D. Sifri, Jonathon Z. Schuch
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 43 / Issue 11 / November 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 February 2022, pp. 1672-1678
- Print publication:
- November 2022
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Objectives:
This study was performed to assess whether an intervention for critically appraising influenza vaccine exemption requests from healthcare personnel (HCP) affected (1) the overall rate of influenza vaccine exemption within a healthcare institution and/or (2) the rates of postintervention vaccine acceptance among those who inconsistently request exemption from annual vaccination and those who consistently request exemption from vaccination.
Design:Retrospective, before-and-after intervention study.
Setting:We conducted the study at a single academic medical center.
Participants:This study included 29,663 HCP.
Methods:Between 2010 and 2019, HCP were permitted to request an exemption from influenza vaccination without critical appraisal of exemption requests. After January 2019, medical center policy required critical appraisal of exemption requests. Of those employed 3 or more years who requested an exemption at least once during the preintervention period (n = 1,177), those with unchanging exemption reasons annually were termed “consistent exempters.” Those who changed reasons or accepted vaccination n ≥ 1 times were termed “inconsistent exempters.”
Results:The overall exemption rate from influenza vaccine decreased from 3.8% to 1.2% (P < .001; N = 29,663) after the intervention. Of those requesting exemption at least once before the intervention, 329 (28.0%) of 1,177 were consistent exempters and 878 (72.0%) were inconsistent exempters. Of inconsistent exempters employed after the intervention, 442 (88.9%) of 497 accepted vaccine postintervention compared with 118 (59.6%) of 198 consistent exempters (P < .001). Of all exempters who changed from exemption to acceptance after the intervention, 442 (78.9%) of 560 were inconsistent exempters.
Conclusions:Critical appraisal of HCP exemption requests promotes influenza vaccine acceptance, and acceptance by inconsistent exempters drives the effect of the intervention. Analysis of changes in annual exemption requests represents a novel objective method for describing those on the spectrum of vaccine hesitancy.
Ten new insights in climate science 2020 – a horizon scan
- Erik Pihl, Eva Alfredsson, Magnus Bengtsson, Kathryn J. Bowen, Vanesa Cástan Broto, Kuei Tien Chou, Helen Cleugh, Kristie Ebi, Clea M. Edwards, Eleanor Fisher, Pierre Friedlingstein, Alex Godoy-Faúndez, Mukesh Gupta, Alexandra R. Harrington, Katie Hayes, Bronwyn M. Hayward, Sophie R. Hebden, Thomas Hickmann, Gustaf Hugelius, Tatiana Ilyina, Robert B. Jackson, Trevor F. Keenan, Ria A. Lambino, Sebastian Leuzinger, Mikael Malmaeus, Robert I. McDonald, Celia McMichael, Clark A. Miller, Matteo Muratori, Nidhi Nagabhatla, Harini Nagendra, Cristian Passarello, Josep Penuelas, Julia Pongratz, Johan Rockström, Patricia Romero-Lankao, Joyashree Roy, Adam A. Scaife, Peter Schlosser, Edward Schuur, Michelle Scobie, Steven C. Sherwood, Giles B. Sioen, Jakob Skovgaard, Edgardo A. Sobenes Obregon, Sebastian Sonntag, Joachim H. Spangenberg, Otto Spijkers, Leena Srivastava, Detlef B. Stammer, Pedro H. C. Torres, Merritt R. Turetsky, Anna M. Ukkola, Detlef P. van Vuuren, Christina Voigt, Chadia Wannous, Mark D. Zelinka
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- Journal:
- Global Sustainability / Volume 4 / 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 January 2021, e5
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Non-technical summary
We summarize some of the past year's most important findings within climate change-related research. New research has improved our understanding of Earth's sensitivity to carbon dioxide, finds that permafrost thaw could release more carbon emissions than expected and that the uptake of carbon in tropical ecosystems is weakening. Adverse impacts on human society include increasing water shortages and impacts on mental health. Options for solutions emerge from rethinking economic models, rights-based litigation, strengthened governance systems and a new social contract. The disruption caused by COVID-19 could be seized as an opportunity for positive change, directing economic stimulus towards sustainable investments.
Technical summaryA synthesis is made of ten fields within climate science where there have been significant advances since mid-2019, through an expert elicitation process with broad disciplinary scope. Findings include: (1) a better understanding of equilibrium climate sensitivity; (2) abrupt thaw as an accelerator of carbon release from permafrost; (3) changes to global and regional land carbon sinks; (4) impacts of climate change on water crises, including equity perspectives; (5) adverse effects on mental health from climate change; (6) immediate effects on climate of the COVID-19 pandemic and requirements for recovery packages to deliver on the Paris Agreement; (7) suggested long-term changes to governance and a social contract to address climate change, learning from the current pandemic, (8) updated positive cost–benefit ratio and new perspectives on the potential for green growth in the short- and long-term perspective; (9) urban electrification as a strategy to move towards low-carbon energy systems and (10) rights-based litigation as an increasingly important method to address climate change, with recent clarifications on the legal standing and representation of future generations.
Social media summaryStronger permafrost thaw, COVID-19 effects and growing mental health impacts among highlights of latest climate science.
P040: Paramedic perception of their role in the emergency department
- M. Snyder, D. Eby
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine / Volume 21 / Issue S1 / May 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 May 2019, p. S77
- Print publication:
- May 2019
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Introduction: Inter-disciplinary interaction in the Emergency Department (ED) is critical for good patient care. The perception of paramedics’ experience in this interaction is not well described in the literature. This project gives voice to paramedics’ understanding of their role in the ED. Methods: Qualitative thematic framework analysis of digitally recorded, semi-structured, telephone interviews of 11 paramedics from one urban and one rural Paramedic Service in southwestern Ontario. Recordings and field notes were repeatedly reviewed and discussed by two researchers. A conceptual framework was constructed from themes emerging from the data. Results: Paramedics interviewed had 7-33 years of primary, advanced, or critical care experience. Three major themes emerged. (1) Patient advocate – Paramedics present the patient pre-hospital context and course of care information. They feel this information is essential and must be communicated. (2) Communication – Concerns raised that information is not listened to and valuable information is lost or ignored. A formal 30-second ‘pause’ for a structured paramedic to ED staff handover was seen as beneficial. Paramedics also want clinical feedback and outcome information from ED staff. No formal mechanism exists to obtain this. (3) Respect – When it exists, it is often based upon personal relationships between individuals. Paramedics feel when ED staff don't understand their scope of practice, their skills and abilities are ignored. In smaller EDs, paramedics also see themselves as a resource to help the ED staff with technical procedures. They need respect to do this. Conclusion: Paramedics’ perceive themselves as providing valuable information and advocacy for their patients in the Emergency Department. In order to present this information, they require uninterrupted time, as short as 30-seconds, for communication. Their relationship with the ED staff is further strengthened by mutual respect and understanding of each discipline's scope of practice and interdisciplinary teamwork. Paramedics would like more feedback on clinical outcomes and on their pre-hospital care. Some areas for practice change suggested by this study include: time for un-interrupted communication of pre-hospital information, formal feedback, and reflection on how to improve interdisciplinary interactions.
22 - A Cultures within Culture Perspective on Work and Family among United States Employees
- from Part V - Cultures within Cultures
- Edited by Kristen M. Shockley, University of Georgia, Winny Shen, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Ryan C. Johnson, Ohio University
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Handbook of the Global Work–Family Interface
- Published online:
- 16 April 2018
- Print publication:
- 26 April 2018, pp 405-423
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Summary
Research on cultural influences on the work-family interface has generally not considered the heterogeneity that may exist within a particular cultural context. In this chapter, we provide an interdisciplinary review of research on systematic differences in (1) gender-related attitudes and expectations, (2) beliefs about self-protection, violence, and loyalty, (3) religiosity, and (4) political ideology and voting patterns within various areas of the United States, with an eye toward how these differences may influence the work-family experiences of men and women. We also provide an agenda for future research using a “cultures within culture” approach, proposing new ways of thinking about the intersection of culture, work, and family to advance work-family scholarship.
MP10: How dry I am: how much fluid do paramedics give when they administer an IV fluid bolus?
- D. Eby, J. Woods
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine / Volume 19 / Issue S1 / May 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 May 2017, p. S68
- Print publication:
- May 2017
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Introduction: How is “administer a fluid bolus” interpreted by paramedics? There is no existing literature describing this practice in the prehospital setting. Paramedic medical directives authorize the administration of Normal Saline 20 ml/kg to hypotensive patients (systolic BP <90). Anecdotally, auditors of Ambulance Call Reports (ACRs) and paramedics report this amount of fluid is rarely administered. The aim of this study was to determine the amount and rate of IV fluid administered by Advanced Care (ACP) and Primary Care (PCP) paramedics when they give an IV ‘fluid bolus’ during an ambulance call. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of iMedic platform, electronic, ACRs (January 01, 2015 to June 30, 2015) from 8 municipal paramedic services that serve an urban and rural population of 1.4 million. ACRs containing a procedure code 351 (intravenous fluid bolus) were identified. A stratified, random sample of 20 cases per paramedic category (ACP and PCP) from each service was generated using a random number table. ACRs were manually searched, data abstracted onto spread sheets, and the results analyzed using descriptive statistics (Wizard ver 1.8.16 for Mac). Results: The initial sample was 220 cases. 25 were excluded for incomplete documentation, leaving 195 cases (ACP 59, PCP 136) for analysis. The mean IV fluid bolus volume delivered was: ACP 414.8 ml (95%CI: 344.2, 485.4), PCP 242.3 ml (95%CI: 210.9, 274.5). The mean rate of infusion was: ACP 22.7 ml/min (95%CI: 17.6, 27.8) PCP 15.7 ml/min (95%CI 13.2,18.1). Percentage of cases where >250 ml was infused: ACP 74.6%, PCP 44.1%. Percentage of cases where at least 10 ml/kg of fluid was given: ACP 17.0%, PCP 2.9%. Percentage of cases reaching the maximum 20 ml/kg of fluid: ACP 0.5%, PCP 0%. IV cannula size: 18G-ACP 57.4%, PCP 33.3%; 20G ACP 37.0%, PCP 56.8; 22G ACP 0.6%, PCP 9.8%. Conclusion: Paramedics rarely gave the amount of IV fluid they were authorized to give to hypotensive patients. On average, Advanced Care Paramedics administered significantly more fluid and gave it significantly faster than Primary Care Paramedics. ACPs were more likely than PCPs to use 18G cannulas and rarely used 22G cannulas whereas PCPs preferred to use 20G IV cannulas. Further training is required to clarify and improve the paramedic practice of IV bolus administration.
P052: The importance of structured ambulance radio patches during termination of resuscitation calls
- D. Eby, J. Woods
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine / Volume 19 / Issue S1 / May 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 May 2017, p. S95
- Print publication:
- May 2017
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Introduction: Pre-hospital telecommunication (patches) requires a special type of conversation. Receiving and processing correct information is critical when making clinical decisions, such as a termination of resuscitation (ToR). In a study of radio patches, a common patch structure emerged from the data analysis. Use of this standard structure resulted in shorter and less confusing patches. We sought to understand patch structure to be able to target interventions to improve the quality and efficiency of communication needed for critical clinical decisions. Methods: We undertook a retrospective analysis of all ToR patches between physicians and paramedics from 4 paramedic services, recorded by the Ambulance Dispatch Centre between Jan 01-Dec 31, 2014. Four services used Primary Care Paramedics and 1 service also used Advanced Care Paramedics. MP3 patch recording files were anonymized, transcribed, and read multiple times by the authors. Transcripts were coded and analyzed using mixed methods-quantitative descriptive statistics and qualitative thematic framework analysis. Results: The data set was 127 ToR patches-466 pages of transcripts. 116 patches (91.3%) had a standard structure (SS): participant introduction, clinical data presentation, clarification of data, making the decision, exchange of administrative information, and sign off. Paramedics used a mean of 81 words (95CI 74,88) to present the ‘clinical data’. Enough data was presented to meet ToR rule criteria in 52 cases (44.8%). Before making a decision to terminate resuscitation, physicians sought clarification in 100 cases (78.7%). After making the ToR decision, some physicians needed to justify their decision by seeking more data in 17 cases (13.4%). Exchange of non-clinical information (numbers, times, name spellings) took a mean of 200 words (95CI 172,228) and averaged 84 seconds or 35% of the average patch time. SS patches used a mean of 558 words, and lasted 234 sec (95CI 215,252). Non-SS patches used a mean of 654 words and lasted 286 sec (95CI 240,332). Conclusion: The most common patch structure consisted of participant introduction, data presentation, clarification of data, making the clinical decision, exchange of administrative information, and a sign off. Deviation from this SS resulted in longer patches. When a non-SS patch structure was used, the patching paramedic was tied up 25% longer and unavailable to provide patient care.
P053: Communication interruptum: cellphone technology problems in paramedic-physician communication
- D. Eby, J. Woods
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine / Volume 19 / Issue S1 / May 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 May 2017, p. S96
- Print publication:
- May 2017
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Introduction: Approximately 15 years ago cell phones replaced portable VHF radios as the means of communication between paramedics and base hospital physicians. Cellphones, like VHF radio, do not allow voice transmission and reception to occur simultaneously. Radio use requires a learned technique to signal the end of each speaker’s turn talking. These techniques are not used in normal cellphone conversation. Poor cellphone reception and poor technique result in breakdowns in communication. The literature about paramedic-physician telecommunication is almost nonexistent. There is an extensive literature in other industries, such as aviation, concerning problems in radio communication. This literature predicts that communication breakdowns are common and have critical consequences. We sought to determine how frequently problems attributable to cell phone technology arose in paramedic-physician communication. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patch calls between physicians and paramedics from 4 municipal paramedic services from January 01-December 31, 2014. MP3 audio files, recorded during normal operating procedures by the Central Ambulance Communication Centre, were anonymized and transcribed. Transcripts were read multiple times by the authors and analyzed using mixed methods-qualitative thematic framework analysis and quantitative descriptive statistics. Results: 161 calls were identified. 155 tapes were usable for analysis. 127 (81.9%) patches involved termination of resuscitation orders, 28 (19.1%) were for advice or other orders. The data set consisted of 567 pages of transcripts. Communication problems were identified in 138 (89.0%) patches. Most had multiple problems. Technical problems included disconnections (13.5%), or difficulty hearing (56.8%)-indicated by phrases such as “what?”, “I can’t hear you”. Disorganized cell phone technique was common-individuals interrupted each other (34.2%), and talked simultaneously (54.8%). Signalling the end of “talk turns”-using terms such as “10-4” or “over”-was never used. Conclusion: In addition to technical problems (poor transmission, disconnections), disorganized cell phone ‘technique’ caused a high incidence of communication problems. This is concerning because critical clinical decisions (e.g. ceasing resuscitation) depend on clear communication. Understanding the limitations of cellphone technology might improve communication.
LO38: Hypoglycemia is a rare peri-seizure finding in pre-hospital patients
- D. Eby, J. Woods
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine / Volume 19 / Issue S1 / May 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 May 2017, pp. S40-S41
- Print publication:
- May 2017
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Introduction: Conventional wisdom states that hypoglycemia is a frequent peri-seizure phenomenon and must be tested for. Conventional wisdom also lists hypoglycemia as a cause of seizures. Recent literature disputes this. Paramedic medical directives continue to direct paramedics to determine the blood sugar level on all seizure patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of hypoglycemia in patients identified as having “seizure” as the primary or final problem code in Ambulance Call Reports (ACRs) from a large regional paramedic base hospital program. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of iMedic platform, electronic ACRs, for a 2 year period (Jan 01, 2014 to Dec 31, 2015), from 8 Paramedic Services serving a rural and urban population of 1.4 million. 5854 calls, had “seizure” listed as a primary or final problem code. A 10% sample was generated using a random number table. ACRs were manually searched, data abstracted onto spread sheets, and the results analyzed using descriptive statistics (Wizard ver 1.8.16 for Mac). Results: 582 calls were analyzed. 430 (73.9%) were adults and 152 (26.1%) were paediatric (age <18). A blood sugar was determined in 501/582 (86.1%) of all calls; adults 388/430 (90.2%), peadiatric 113/152 (74.3%). The Glasgow Coma Score, when measured, was 15 in 280/575 (48.7%) cases. Seizures were witnessed by paramedics in 47/582 (8.1%) calls; adults 33/430 (7.7%), paediatric 14/152 (9.2%). In calls were paramedics witnessed a seizure a blood sugar was determined 36/47 (76.6%) of the time; adults 25/33 (75.8%), paediatric 11/14 (78.6%). Hypoglycemia (BS<4.0 mmol/L in an adult and 3.0 mmol/L in child<age 2 ) was found in 1 case when BS was checked-overall 1/501 (0.2%); adults 1/388 (0.3%), paedatric 0/113 (0.0%). Case 1-age 70 yr, GCS 12, BS 3.8 mmol/L. Conclusion: Hypoglycemia was rarely found in patients who had a pre-hospital seizure. It did not require treatment. When it was found, hypoglycemia was unlikely to be the cause of the seizure. The results are similar to the findings from other recent, retrospective, reviews. The routine determination of blood sugars in all patients who have had a seizure prior to paramedic arrival should be reconsidered.
P039: What are the frequencies of interventions performed by paramedics during seizure calls?
- D. Eby, J. Robson, M. Columbus
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine / Volume 18 / Issue S1 / May 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 June 2016, p. S91
- Print publication:
- May 2016
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Introduction: Paramedics frequently attend out-of-hospital seizure patients. They administer oxygen, check blood glucose levels and if within scope of practice, start IVs and administer benzodiazepines. Little is know about how frequently these procedures are performed. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of procedures performed by paramedics (Advanced Care (ACP), Primary Care IV (PCP-IV) and Primary Care non-IV (PCP)) attending seizure patients in a regional paramedic base hospital program. Methods: Retrospective analysis of a secondary database of ambulance call reports (ACRs) (January 01-December 31, 2014). All 2854 ACRs with paramedic determined primary / final problem codes of “seizure” were identified from total calls performed by 8 municipal paramedic services (MPSs), covering an urban and rural population of 1.4 million. MPSs used iMedic electronic ACRs. A 10% sample, generated using a random number table, was analyzed. ACRs were manually searched and data extracted onto spreadsheets. Findings were summarized using descriptive statistics. Results: 285 calls were analyzed; (adult 72.7%, paediatric (age <18) 27.3%). Paramedics witnessed seizures in 8.1% of all calls they attended; (paediatric 7.8%). The blood sugar was checked in 87.9% of adult calls; (ACP 88.7%, PCP-IV 89%, PCP 77.8%) and in 70.5% of paediatric calls; (ACP 72.0%, PCP-IV 63.3%, PCP 70.5%). Oxygen was administered in 80.7% of adult calls; (ACP 85.9%, PCP-IV 78.0%, PCP 80.7%) and 83.3% of paediatric calls; (ACP 92.0%, PCP-IV 80.1%, PCP 82.4%). IVs were started by paramedics (if in scope of practice) in 28.0% of adult calls; (ACP 47.9%, PCP-IV 16.1%) and 6.6% of paediatric calls; (ACP 8.0%, PCP-IV 5.6%) Midazolam was administered in 10.4% of ACP attended calls and in 91.0% of the calls were they witnessed seizures. Transport occurred in 93.2% of adult calls and 100% of paediatric calls. Conclusion: ACPs were more likely to perform procedures on seizure patients than PCPs or PC-IVs. Children were much less likely to have procedures performed on them - blood sugar checks, and IV starts - but more likely receive oxygen and be transported. These findings have training implications.
P038: How frequently is hypoglycemia found in ambulance calls for “seizure”?
- D. Eby, J. Robson, M. Columbus
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine / Volume 18 / Issue S1 / May 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 June 2016, p. S91
- Print publication:
- May 2016
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Introduction: Paramedics often attend seizure patients in the pre-hospital setting. Received wisdom is that hypoglycemia is frequently present during a seizure or is a ‘cause’ of seizures. Recent literature disputes this. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of hypoglycemia in patients identified as having “seizure” listed as the primary or final problem code in Ambulance Call Reports from a large regional paramedic base hospital program. Methods: Retrospective analysis of a database of ambulance call reports (ACRs) from January 01-December 31, 2014. All 2854 ACRs with paramedic determined primary or final problem codes of “seizure” were identified from a database of all calls performed by 8 municipal paramedic services covering a total urban and rural population of 1.4 million. Municipal paramedic services used iMedic electronic ACRs. A 10% sample generated by a random number table was analyzed. ACRs were manually searched and data extracted onto spreadsheets. Results were described using frequencies and summary statistics. Results: A total of 285 call were analyzed. 207 (72.6%) calls were adults and 78 (27.4%) were paediatric (age <18). Seizures were witnessed by paramedics in 23/285 (8.1%) calls; adults 17/207 (8.2%), paediatric 6/78 (7.7%). A blood sugar was determined in 237/285 (83.2%) of all calls; adults 182/207 (87.9%), paediatric 55/78 (70.5%). In calls were paramedics witnessed a seizure a blood sugar was determined 17/21 (80.9%) of the time; adults 13/17 (76.5%), paediatric 6/6 (100%) Hypoglycemia (BS < 4.0 mm/L) was found in only 1 case - 1/237 (0.4%); adults 0/ 207 (0%), paediatric 1/78 (1.3%). The child was age 1, had a GCS 13, and the blood sugar was 3.9 mm/L. Conclusion: Hypoglycemia was rarely found in patients who had a seizure and were attended to by paramedics in the pre-hospital setting. The routine determination of blood sugars in all patients who have had a seizure prior to paramedic arrival should be reconsidered.
MP030: Problems in paramedic-physician telecommunication
- D. Eby, J. Robson, M. Columbus
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine / Volume 18 / Issue S1 / May 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 June 2016, p. S76
- Print publication:
- May 2016
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Introduction: Clear paramedic-physician telecommunications (patches) are critical in systems utilizing on-line medical control. In systems using extensive medical directives individual paramedics patch infrequently. Investigations of specific problem calls indicated that communication problems were more common than believed. Existing literature on this topic is sparse. This project is a quality assurance exercise undertaken to understand the extent and nature of problems in paramedic-physician telecommunications Methods: Retrospective analysis of anonymized transcriptions made from MP3 audio files recorded as part of normal operating procedures by the Central Ambulance Communication Centre during January-March 2014. All calls where telecommunication occurred between paramedics from 4 ambulance services and base hospital physicians providing on-line medical oversight during ambulance calls were included. Transcripts were read multiple times and data extracted onto spreadsheets for frequency analysis. Further thematic framework analysis of emergent themes was done. Results: All 42 patches were transcribed and used for analysis. 36 (85.7%) were for termination of resuscitation orders, 4 (9.5%) were for advice, and 2 (4.8%) were for orders not covered by medical directives. Communication problems were identified in 40 (95.2%) patches. Most had multiple problems. These included disconnections (23.8%), difficulty hearing one another (40.5%) - indicated by phrases such as “sorry?” “what?”, “I can’t hear you” - or caused by individuals interrupting each other (83.3%), and talking simultaneously (47.6%). Signaling the end of “talk turns” - such as “10-4” or “over” - was never used. Instead, terms like “yah” and “OK” were used. When communication went awry, time was spent trying to repair the mis/poor communication. This led to repeating information or attempting to ‘sell’ the case by providing information unnecessary for decision making - such as during a request for termination of resuscitation, “there is vomit on the floor”. Conclusion: Paramedic-physician telecommunication problems were extremely common. They involved technical (mechanical problems) and human factors (disorganized radio ‘technique’). The high incidence of telecommunication problems identified is concerning. Critical clinical decisions (e.g. ceasing resuscitation) depend on clear communication. Further study of these issues is warranted.
Microdiversity of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto in Australia
- C. A. ALVAREZ ROJAS, D. EBI, C. G. Gauci, J. P. SCHEERLINCK, M. WASSERMANN, D. J. JENKINS, M. W. LIGHTOWLERS, T. ROMIG
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- Journal:
- Parasitology / Volume 143 / Issue 8 / July 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 April 2016, pp. 1026-1033
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Echinococcus granulosus (sensu lato) is now recognized as an assemblage of cryptic species, which differ considerably in morphology, development, host specificity (including infectivity/pathogenicity for humans) and other aspects. One of these species, E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.), is now clearly identified as the principal agent causing cystic echinococcosis in humans. Previous studies of a small section of the cox1 and nadh1 genes identified two variants of E. granulosus s.s. to be present in Australia; however, no further work has been carried out to characterize the microdiversity of the parasite in its territory. We have analysed the sequence of the full length of the cox1 gene (1609 bp) from 37 isolates of E. granulosus from different hosts and geographic regions of Australia. The analysis shows that seven haplotypes of E. granulosus s.s. not previously described were found, together with five haplotypes known to be present in other parts of the world, including the haplotype EG01 which is widespread and present in all endemic regions. These data extend knowledge related to the geographical spread and host range of E. granulosus s.s. in a country such as Australia in which the parasite established around 200 years ago.
What Do We Really Know About the Effects of Mindfulness-Based Training in the Workplace?
- Tammy D. Allen, Lillian T. Eby, Kate M. Conley, Rachel L. Williamson, Victor S. Mancini, Melissa E. Mitchell
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- Journal:
- Industrial and Organizational Psychology / Volume 8 / Issue 4 / December 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 December 2015, pp. 652-661
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In an attempt to distill what we know about the effects of workplace mindfulness-based training, Hyland, Lee, and Mills (2015) cast a wide net with regard to the array of studies included in their review. For example, they include studies that investigate the benefits associated with workplace mindfulness training (e.g., Wolever et al., 2012) as well as training conducted for patients within primary care settings (e.g., Allen, Bromley, Kuyken, & Sonnenberg, 2009). In addition, their review includes studies based on self-reports of individual differences in mindfulness traits/skills (e.g., Hafenbrack, Kinias, & Barsade, 2014). Reviewing a broad cross-section of research is helpful to illustrate the wide-ranging nature of mindfulness research but also has the potential to obfuscate what we know about mindfulness as it pertains to workers and workplaces.
Including Science Advocacy in Industrial–Organizational Curriculum
- Samuel T. McAbee, Frederick L. Oswald, Eden B. King, Tammy D. Allen, Stephen Stark, Patrick D. Converse, Lillian T. Eby, Lisa M. Leslie, Rustin D. Meyer, Steven G. Rogelberg, Liu-Qin Yang
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- Journal:
- Industrial and Organizational Psychology / Volume 7 / Issue 1 / March 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 07 January 2015, pp. 61-65
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Industrial–Organizational Psychology's Chicken Little Syndrome
- Tammy D. Allen, Lillian T. Eby, Howard M. Weiss, Kimberly A. French
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- Journal:
- Industrial and Organizational Psychology / Volume 7 / Issue 3 / September 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 07 January 2015, pp. 304-311
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Summary for Policymakers
- from Section II
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- By Simon K. Allen, Vicente Barros, Ian Burton, Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum, Omar-Dario Cardona, Susan L. Cutter, O. Pauline Dube, Kristie L. Ebi, Christopher B. Field, John W. Handmer, Padma N. Lal, Allan Lavell, Katharine J. Mach, Michael D. Mastrandrea, Gordon A. McBean, Reinhard Mechler, Tom Mitchell, Neville Nicholls, Karen L. O'Brien, Taikan Oki, Michael Oppenheimer, Mark Pelling, Gian-Kasper Plattner, Roger S. Pulwarty, Sonia I. Seneviratne, Thomas F. Stocker, Maarten K. van Aalst, Carolina S. Vera, Thomas J. Wilbanks
- Edited by Christopher B. Field, Vicente Barros, Thomas F. Stocker, Qin Dahe
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- Book:
- Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
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- 28 May 2012, pp 3-22
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Summary
Context
This Summary for Policymakers presents key findings from the Special Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation (SREX). The SREX approaches the topic by assessing the scientific literature on issues that range from the relationship between climate change and extreme weather and climate events (‘climate extremes’) to the implications of these events for society and sustainable development. The assessment concerns the interaction of climatic, environmental, and human factors that can lead to impacts and disasters, options for managing the risks posed by impacts and disasters, and the important role that non-climatic factors play in determining impacts. Box SPM.1 defines concepts central to the SREX.
The character and severity of impacts from climate extremes depend not only on the extremes themselves but also on exposure and vulnerability. In this report, adverse impacts are considered disasters when they produce widespread damage and cause severe alterations in the normal functioning of communities or societies. Climate extremes, exposure, and vulnerability are influenced by a wide range of factors, including anthropogenic climate change, natural climate variability, and socioeconomic development (Figure SPM.1). Disaster risk management and adaptation to climate change focus on reducing exposure and vulnerability and increasing resilience to the potential adverse impacts of climate extremes, even though risks cannot fully be eliminated (Figure SPM.2). Although mitigation of climate change is not the focus of this report, adaptation and mitigation can complement each other and together can significantly reduce the risks of climate change. [SYR AR4, 5.3]
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Optimal design of flywheels using an injection island genetic algorithm
- DAVID EBY, R.C. AVERILL, WILLIAM F. PUNCH, ERIK D. GOODMAN
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This paper presents an approach to optimal design of elastic flywheels using an Injection Island Genetic Algorithm (iiGA), summarizing a sequence of results reported in earlier publications. An iiGA in combination with a structural finite element code is used to search for shape variations and material placement to optimize the Specific Energy Density (SED, rotational energy per unit weight) of elastic flywheels while controlling the failure angular velocity. iiGAs seek solutions simultaneously at different levels of refinement of the problem representation (and correspondingly different definitions of the fitness function) in separate subpopulations (islands). Solutions are sought first at low levels of refinement with an axi-symmetric plane stress finite element code for high-speed exploration of the coarse design space. Next, individuals are injected into populations with a higher level of resolution that use an axi-symmetric three-dimensional finite element code to “fine-tune” the structures. A greatly simplified design space (containing two million possible solutions) was enumerated for comparison with various approaches that include: simple GAs, threshold accepting (TA), iiGAs and hybrid iiGAs. For all approaches compared for this simplified problem, all variations of the iiGA were found to be the most efficient. This paper will summarize results obtained studying a constrained optimization problem with a huge design space approached with parallel GAs that had various topological structures and several different types of iiGA, to compare efficiency. For this problem, all variations of the iiGA were found to be extremely efficient in terms of computational time required to final solution of similar fitness when compared to the parallel GAs.
Interfacial Bonding Mechanisms in Carbon Fiber/Pmr-15 Composites
- A. M Serrano, I. Jangchud, R. K. Eby, K. J. Bowles, D. T. Jayne
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 305 / 1993
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 February 2011, 105
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- 1993
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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), tensiometric wetting, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to investigate the surfaces of PAN based carbon fibers. Percent weighted dipole moments (%WDM) were computed from the deconvoluted core level carbon XPS peaks. Tensiometric wetting separated the polar and dispersive components of the fiber surface energies thus allowing the computation of % polar energies. AFM provided quantitative measurements of the fiber surface rugosities. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed adhesive interfacial fractures for PMR-15 (polyimide) composites of fibers with low %WDM and % polar energies; cohesive fractures for those with high %WDM and % polar energies. Increasing interlaminar shear strengths correlated with increasing %WDM and % polar energies. The fibers with higher %WDM also had rougher surfaces which probably expose more graphite basal plane dipole sites in addition to providing mechanical interlocking.